UNIT 2: HARDWARE

 In this unit you will find out the answer to the questions:
- How do you use a computer to find, process, organise, presen and sotre information.
- What are the basic componets of a personal computer? How are the used and connected?. What is their function in a computer?
- What are the basic operations performed by an operating system?
  

LINK UNIT2: Hardware_and_Componets.

ACTIVITIES

Task 1

1. Put a cross in one box to show which aspect of daily life would not be affected immediately by the failure of an associated ICT system.
   C.Feeding your pet.

2. Describe the similarities and differences between data and information.

   Data: This is the raw information to be proccesed.(unproccesed information)

   Information: Is data that people understand. 

3. Explain what is meant by hardware.
 Hardware
Computer hardware is the equipment that makes up the physical ICT system 

4. Draw a labelled diagram of a desktop computer system showing the range of hardware devices that could be attached to it.












 

5. Describe the similarities and differences between a desktop computer and a laptop computer.
    Desktop computer: Usually has these basic components: a monitor, a keyboard, a mouse.

    Laptop computer: A laptop computer is slightly larger and much heavier than an A4 file.

6. Describe the similarities and differences between a desktop computer and a hand-held computer.
    Desktop computer: That are basic components.

   Hand-heldcomputer: Can fit in one hand or in your pocket, but it is too small for general work. Hand- held computing devices can perform a range of activities such as personal record-keeping and satellite navigation.
   

7. Explain how a PDA user can benefit from having an external keyboard.
    A PDA usually has a touch-sensitive screen. Although PDAs can be temporarily attached to   a keyboard, you cannot comfortably type a long document into a PDA. A smart phone is a mobile phone with the functions of a PDA. 

8. Figure 1.2 shows the flow of data through the input–output process. If the input was the intake of pupils into a school, describe what would represent the
‘PROCESS’, the ‘INSTRUCTIONS’ and the ‘FINAL OUTPUT’ (see Figure 1.8).
    Process: 
    Instruction:
    Final output:


Task 2

1. Find out what type of motherboard you have installed on your computer. Locate the BIOS ROM chip on a motherboard. What make of BIOS ROM is it?
    The BIOS is part of the booting up process during which the configuration of the computer is checked and the operating system loaded, so that everything is ready for the user to start work.
 

2. Identify the main components on a motherboard. Draw a diagram to show the position of the processor chip, the BIOS chip, the battery, the power supply connector, the memory slots, the expansion slots, the ports and other important components. Look at how components are slotted into place.

 Components on a motherboard:

Task 3

1. Locate  the PSU within your desktop computer’s processor box. Note the leads that run from the PSU to other devices. Draw a diagram to illustrate  the connections.

2. Find out what voltages different peripherals (such as a monitor, printer  and mouse) require. How are these devices powered?

So that  PCs may be used worldwide, there may be a 110/220V selector switch on the PSU. 

The main job of the PSU is to supply power  to the various components of the PC. There  are two types  of power:  internal  and external. 

The external power  via the socket provides AC of 110–220V.

The internal power needed by the various components within the PC is either  5V or 12V of DC.

3. Check the type  and power  of the battery that is located on the motherboard. What is this battery used to power?

The external power  via the socket provides AC of 110–220V.

The internal power needed by the various components within the PC is either  5V or 12V of DC.

4. Find out how a laptop is powered when there is no connection to the mains sup

 
Task 4

1. Locate the processor on a motherboard. What cooling device is used?

  The motherboard is the most important component within a PC system. It is a PCB that houses many of the essential parts of the PC and all connections between the PC and peripheral go through it.

2. Research the Internet for data on heat sinks. What materials might these be made from?

Aluminium

3. Research the Internet to find out what happens (and at what temperature) if the fan stops working on a PC, or the heat sink is removed or not connected properly to the processor chip.

The chips and some parts of computer stop working to don't stop and if the materials are bad they fuse.

It depends on the factory, form 50 to 90 degrees 

Task 5

1. What types of internal memory are being used in your computer? How much is installed?

Ram 1,87 MB VERSION 2002 
2. Research the Internet to find out how much cache memory is used in a number of PCs with different specifications.
RAM CMOS, BIOS MEMORY, CACHE MEMORY, HARD DISC

Task

1. Write the definition of 'QR code' and invent a new one

 Quick Response Code is the trademark for a type of matrix barcode (or two-dimensional code) first designed for the automotive industry. More recently, the system has become popular outside the industry due to its fast readability and large storage capacity compared to standard UPC barcodes. The code consists of black modules (square dots) arranged in a square pattern on a white background.

Task

1. Choose a device an make a power point work with some diapositives.

go to the next link to see it:

http://www.scribd.com/doc/114428226/Photo-Cameras

LINK : ICT_1

1.1. WHAT IS COMPUTER SCIENCE?. 

Computer science is the techniques and knoledge necessary to automatically process information using a computer.

A computer works like a system that collects INPUT data, processes it (organises, saves and transforms) and transmit into OUTPUT information.

ACTIVITY Nº1

a) Make a summary in your blog about this concept.

Explain how it works using a drawing (input/process/output)

Computer science is the techniques and knoledge necessary to automatically process.

A computer works like a system that collets:

COMPUTER SCIENCE :

Is the techniques and knoledge necessary to automatically process information using a computer.

                         

1.2. BINARY CODE. What is a byte?

Computers use binary code. 

The "brain" of a computer (microprocessor) has millions of tiny switches that are activated and desactivated automatically. When a switch is open, the microprocessor interprets this as a "0" and when it´s closed as a "1". Each of these digits, either 0 or 1, is called a bit (digit binary) and a group of 8bits is called a Byte.

And example of a binary code is ASCII. It is used to represent all the characters used on computers. Each symbol or letter is encoded by a group of 8 bits. 

The value of the binary numbering systems depends on their position in the group (like in decimal numberin), in this case the value is determined by a base-2 system.

* To convert a binary number into a decimal number we foinf the successive powers of 2, starting with 2^0, followed by 2^1, etc.

Example: 1011=1*2^3+0*2^2+1*2^1+1*2^0= 8 + 0 + 2 + 1 + 0 = 11

* To convert a decimal number into a binary number we divide the decimal number by 2 successively until the quotient is 1. Then you put the remainders of the quotients in order from right to left.

Example: (25/2=12 remainder=1); (12/2=6 remainder=0); (6/2=3 remainder=0); (3/2=1 remainder=1); therefore: 25 = 11001

ACTIVITY Nº2. 

a) Make a table with the multiples of a byte.

NAME	QUANTITY 1	QUANTITY 2
KILOBYTE	2 elevado 10 bytes	1024 bytes
MEGABYTE	2 elevado 20 bytes	1024 KB
GIGABYTE	2 elevado 30 bytes	1024 MG
TERABYTE	2 elevado 40 bytes	1024 GB
PETABYTE	2 elevado 50 bytes	1024 TB
EXOBYTE	2 elevado 60 bytes	1024 PB

b) How many bytes are there in 5KB, 8MB, and 10GB. 

1KB= 1024 BYTES
a) 5KB= 1024 · 5 BYTES= 5120 BYTES
b) 8MB= 1024 · 8KB= 8129 KB ; 8129 KB= 1024 BYTES · 8129= 8324096 BYTES
c) 10 GB= 1024 MB · 10GB= 10240 MG ; 10240MG · 1024KB= 10485760;
10485760 · 1024 BYTES= 1073741824 BYTES

c) Look at the order ASCII code uses to represent the first six letters of the alphabet.

A=0100 0001/65

B=0100 0010/66

C=0100 0011/67

D=0100 0100/68

E=0100 0101/69

F=0100 0110/70

d) Convert the decimal number 27 into binary number.
11011

e) Convert the  binary number 11101 into a decimal number.
29

f) Convert the decimal number 255 into binary number.

   (255/2=127, remainder=1)

   (127/2=63,   remainder=1)

   (63/2=31,     remainder=1)

   (31/2=15,     remainder=1)

   (15/2=7,       remainder=1)              255=1111111

   (7/2=3,         remainder=1)

   (3/2=1,         remainder=1)

g) Convert these units:
1024KB=1MB.

1.3. COMPUTER COMPONETS: HARWARE.

Hardware are the physical componets of the computer, such as internal circuits, the wiring, monitor, keyboard, printer, etc.

(LINK YOUTUBE: "Disecting PC") 

• CPU.
• MEMORIES: RAM and ROM.
• STORY DEVICES: magnetic, optical solid state. 
• PERIPHERAL DEVICES: input, output or input/output.  

ACTIVITY Nº3.

a) Make a picture explaning the hardware of a computer.
Hadware of a computer

b) Find out how a chip is made of.

 When the potatoes arrive at the plant, they are examined and tasted for quality. A half dozen or so buckets are randomly filled. Some are punched with holes in their cores so that they can be tracked through the cooking process. The potatoes are examined for green edges and blemishes. The pile of defective potatoes is weighed; if the weight exceeds a company's preset allowance, the entire truckload can be rejected.

The potatoes move along a conveyer belt to the various stages of manufacturing. The conveyer belts are powered by gentle vibrations to keep breakage to a minimum.

The process of machinization is the next one:

Read more: How potato chip is made - used, processing, product, machine, Raw Materials, The Manufacturing Process, Quality Control, Byproducts/Waste, The Futurehttp://www.madehow.com/Volume-3/Potato-Chip.html#ixzz28dNlqljX

c) Find out what kind of CPU is working nowdays. List two of them with theirs features.

1. A desktop PC usually has these basic components:  a monitor, a keyboard, a

system unit and a mouse.

2. A laptop  computer is slightly larger and much heavier than  an A4 file. It has the same hardware as the desktop PC although the components are in one only piece.

d) Find out how many types of  RAM memory are?

e) Make a table where you can compare the capacities of the differents storage devices.

f) Find out the types of monitors are. Drescribe it.

g) Make a set of slides about a componet and upload it using www.slideshare.net . In this case you have to look for information into the file that you can link over here:ICT2_HARDWARE

ACTIVITY Nº4:

a) WORK_SHOP

b) CROSS_WORD

c) QUIZ